BIBLIOGRAFÍA

  1. Prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice. Recommendations of the Second Joint Task Force of European and other Societies on coronary prevention. Eur Heart J. 1998 Oct; 19(10):1434-1503.
  2. Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Levy D, Belanger AM, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB. Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation. 1998 May 12; 97(18):1837-1847.
  3. D'Agostino RB, Russell MW, Huse DM, Ellison RC, Silbershatz H, Wilson PW, et al. Primary and subsequent coronary risk appraisal: new results from the Framingham study. Am Heart J. 2000 Feb; 139(2 Pt 1):272-281.
  4. Marrugat J, Solanas P, D'Agostino R, Sullivan L, Ordovas J, Cordon F, et al. [Coronary risk estimation in Spain using a calibrated Framingham function]. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2003 Mar; 56(3):253-261.
  5. Menotti A, Lanti M, Puddu PE, Kromhout D. Coronary heart disease incidence in northern and southern European populations: a reanalysis of the seven countries study for a European coronary risk chart. Heart. 2000 Sep; 84(3):238-244.
  6. Marrugat J, Subirana I, Comin E, Cabezas C, Vila J, Elosua R, et al. Validity of an adaptation of the Framingham cardiovascular risk function: the VERIFICA Study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007 Jan; 61(1):40-47.
  7. Aranceta J, Perez Rodrigo C, Foz Sala M, Mantilla T, Serra Majem L, Moreno B, et al. [Tables of coronary risk evaluation adapted to the Spanish population: the DORICA study]. Med Clin (Barc). 2004 Nov 20; 123(18):686-691.
  8. Conroy RM, Pyorala K, Fitzgerald AP, Sans S, Menotti A, De Backer G, et al. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J. 2003 Jun; 24(11):987-1003.
  9. Buitrago Ramirez F, Canon Barroso L, Diaz Herrera N, Cruces Muro E, Bravo Simon B, Perez Sanchez I. [Comparison of the SCORE function chart and the Framingham-REGICOR equation to estimate the cardiovascular risk in an urban population after 10 years of follow-up]. Med Clin (Barc). 2006 Sep 16; 127(10):368-373.
  10. Sans S, Fitzgerald AP, Royo D, Conroy R, Graham I. [Calibrating the SCORE cardiovascular risk chart for use in Spain]. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2007 May; 60(5):476-485.
  11. Goodson N, Marks J, Lunt M, Symmons D. Cardiovascular admissions and mortality in an inception cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis with onset in the 1980s and 1990s. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005 Nov; 64(11):1595-1601.
  12. Solomon DH, Karlson EW, Rimm EB, Cannuscio CC, Mandl LA, Manson JE, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in women diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Circulation. 2003 Mar 11; 107(9):1303-1307.
  13. del Rincon ID, Williams K, Stern MP, Freeman GL, Escalante A. High incidence of cardiovascular events in a rheumatoid arthritis cohort not explained by traditional cardiac risk factors. Arthritis Rheum. 2001 Dec; 44(12):2737-2745.
  14. del Rincon I, Escalante A. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2003 Aug; 5(4):278-286.
  15. Shoenfeld Y, Gerli R, Doria A, Matsuura E, Cerinic MM, Ronda N, et al. Accelerated atherosclerosis in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Circulation. 2005 Nov 22; 112(21):3337-3347.
  16. Gonzalez-Gay MA, Gonzalez-Juanatey C, Martin J. Rheumatoid arthritis: a disease associated with accelerated atherogenesis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Aug; 35(1):8-17.
  17. Gonzalez-Juanatey C, Testa A, Garcia-Castelo A, Garcia-Porrua C, Llorca J, Vidan J, et al. HLA-DRB1 status affects endothelial function in treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Med. 2003 Jun 1; 114(8):647-652.
  18. Vaudo G, Marchesi S, Gerli R, Allegrucci R, Giordano A, Siepi D, et al. Endothelial dysfunction in young patients with rheumatoid arthritis and low disease activity. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004 Jan; 63(1):31-35.
  19. Gonzalez-Juanatey C, Llorca J, Testa A, Revuelta J, Garcia-Porrua C, Gonzalez-Gay MA. Increased prevalence of severe subclinical atherosclerotic findings in long-term treated rheumatoid arthritis patients without clinically evident atherosclerotic disease. Medicine (Baltimore). 2003 Nov; 82(6):407-413.
  20. Dessein PH, Joffe BI, Veller MG, Stevens BA, Tobias M, Reddi K, et al. Traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors are associated with atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2005 Mar; 32(3):435-442.
  21. Gonzalez-Gay MA, Gonzalez-Juanatey C, Lopez-Diaz MJ, Pineiro A, Garcia-Porrua C, Miranda-Filloy JA, et al. HLA-DRB1 and persistent chronic inflammation contribute to cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Feb 15; 57(1):125-132.
  22. Del Rincon I, Williams K, Stern MP, Freeman GL, O'Leary DH, Escalante A. Association between carotid atherosclerosis and markers of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy subjects. Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Jul; 48(7):1833-1840.
  23. Gonzalez-Gay MA, Gonzalez-Juanatey C, Pineiro A, Garcia-Porrua C, Testa A, Llorca J. High-grade C-reactive protein elevation correlates with accelerated atherogenesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2005 Jul; 32(7):1219-1223.
  24. Gonzalez-Juanatey C, Llorca J, Martin J, Gonzalez-Gay MA. Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Predicts the Development of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Mar 11.
  25. Peters MJ, van der Horst-Bruinsma IE, Dijkmans BA, Nurmohamed MT. Cardiovascular risk profile of patients with spondylarthropathies, particularly ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Dec; 34(3):585-592.
  26. Heeneman S, Daemen MJ. Cardiovascular risks in spondyloarthritides. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2007 Jul; 19(4):358-362.
  27. Hollan I, Saatvedt K, Almdahl SM, Mikkelsen K, Moer R, Halvorsen P, et al. Spondyloarthritis: a strong predictor of early coronary artery bypass grafting. Scand J Rheumatol. 2008 Jan-Feb; 37(1):18-22.
  28. Neimann AL, Shin DB, Wang X, Margolis DJ, Troxel AB, Gelfand JM. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006 Nov; 55(5):829-835.
  29. Mallbris L, Akre O, Granath F, Yin L, Lindelof B, Ekbom A, et al. Increased risk for cardiovascular mortality in psoriasis inpatients but not in outpatients. Eur J Epidemiol. 2004; 19(3):225-230.
  30. Poikolainen K, Karvonen J, Pukkala E. Excess mortality related to alcohol and smoking among hospital-treated patients with psoriasis. Arch Dermatol. 1999 Dec; 135(12):1490-1493.
  31. Lindegard B. Mortality and causes of death among psoriatics. Dermatologica. 1989; 179(2):91-92.
  32. Gonzalez-Juanatey C, Llorca J, Miranda-Filloy JA, Amigo-Diaz E, Testa A, Garcia-Porrua C, et al. Endothelial dysfunction in psoriatic arthritis patients without clinically evident cardiovascular disease or classic atherosclerosis risk factors. Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Mar 15; 57(2):287-293.
  33. Gonzalez-Juanatey C, Llorca J, Amigo-Diaz E, Dierssen T, Martin J, Gonzalez-Gay MA. High prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in psoriatic arthritis patients without clinically evident cardiovascular disease or classic atherosclerosis risk factors. Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Aug 15; 57(6):1074-1080.
  34. Braun J, Bollow M, Remlinger G, Eggens U, Rudwaleit M, Distler A, et al. Prevalence of spondylarthropathies in HLA-B27 positive and negative blood donors. Arthritis Rheum. 1998 Jan; 41(1):58-67.
  35. Lehtinen K. Mortality and causes of death in 398 patients admitted to hospital with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1993 Mar; 52(3):174-176.
  36. Divecha H, Sattar N, Rumley A, Cherry L, Lowe GD, Sturrock R. Cardiovascular risk parameters in men with ankylosing spondylitis in comparison with non-inflammatory control subjects: relevance of systemic inflammation. Clin Sci (Lond). 2005 Aug; 109(2):171-176.
  37. Lautermann D, Braun J. Ankylosing spondylitis--cardiac manifestations. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2002 Nov-Dec; 20(6 Suppl 28):S11-15.
  38. Alves MG, Espirito-Santo J, Queiroz MV, Madeira H, Macieira-Coelho E. Cardiac alterations in ankylosing spondylitis. Angiology. 1988 Jul; 39(7 Pt 1):567-571.
  39. van Halm VP, van Denderen JC, Peters MJ, Twisk JW, van der Paardt M, van der Horst-Bruinsma IE, et al. Increased disease activity is associated with a deteriorated lipid profile in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006 Nov; 65(11):1473-1477.
  40. Abou-Raya A, Abou-Raya S. Inflammation: a pivotal link between autoimmune diseases and atherosclerosis. Autoimmun Rev. 2006 May; 5(5):331-337.
  41. Mattey DL, Thomson W, Ollier WE, Batley M, Davies PG, Gough AK, et al. Association of DRB1 shared epitope genotypes with early mortality in rheumatoid arthritis: results of eighteen years of followup from the early rheumatoid arthritis study. Arthritis Rheum. 2007 May; 56(5):1408-1416.
  42. Farragher TM, Goodson NJ, Naseem H, Silman AJ, Thomson W, Symmons D, et al. Association of the HLA-DRB1 gene with premature death, particularly from cardiovascular disease, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory polyarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Feb; 58(2):359-369.
  43. Orozco G, Rueda B, Martin J. Genetic basis of rheumatoid arthritis. Biomed Pharmacother. 2006 Dec; 60(10):656-662.
  44. Pertovaara M, Heliovaara M, Raitala A, Oja SS, Knekt P, Hurme M. The activity of the immunoregulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is decreased in smokers. Clin Exp Immunol. 2006 Sep; 145(3):469-473.
  45. Hansson GK, Robertson AK, Soderberg-Naucler C. Inflammation and atherosclerosis. Annu Rev Pathol. 2006; 1:297-329.
  46. Michelsen KS, Doherty TM, Shah PK, Arditi M. TLR signaling: an emerging bridge from innate immunity to atherogenesis. J Immunol. 2004 Nov 15; 173(10):5901-5907.
  47. Pasterkamp G, Van Keulen JK, De Kleijn DP. Role of Toll-like receptor 4 in the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic disease. Eur J Clin Invest. 2004 May; 34(5):328-334.
  48. Arbour NC, Lorenz E, Schutte BC, Zabner J, Kline JN, Jones M, et al. TLR4 mutations are associated with endotoxin hyporesponsiveness in humans. Nat Genet. 2000 Jun; 25(2):187-191.
  49. Kiechl S, Lorenz E, Reindl M, Wiedermann CJ, Oberhollenzer F, Bonora E, et al. Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms and atherogenesis. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul 18; 347(3):185-192.
  50. DeGraba TJ. Immunogenetic susceptibility of atherosclerotic stroke: implications on current and future treatment of vascular inflammation. Stroke. 2004 Nov; 35(11 Suppl 1):2712-2719.
  51. Dessein PH, Joffe BI, Singh S. Biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2005; 7(3):R634-643.
  52. Flex A, Gaetani E, Papaleo P, Straface G, Proia AS, Pecorini G, et al. Proinflammatory genetic profiles in subjects with history of ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2004 Oct; 35(10):2270-2275.
  53. Szalai AJ, Wu J, Lange EM, McCrory MA, Langefeld CD, Williams A, et al. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the C-reactive protein (CRP) gene promoter that affect transcription factor binding, alter transcriptional activity, and associate with differences in baseline serum CRP level. J Mol Med. 2005 Jun; 83(6):440-447.
  54. Carlson CS, Aldred SF, Lee PK, Tracy RP, Schwartz SM, Rieder M, et al. Polymorphisms within the C-reactive protein (CRP) promoter region are associated with plasma CRP levels. Am J Hum Genet. 2005 Jul; 77(1):64-77.
  55. Wilcox JN, Subramanian RR, Sundell CL, Tracey WR, Pollock JS, Harrison DG, et al. Expression of multiple isoforms of nitric oxide synthase in normal and atherosclerotic vessels. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997 Nov; 17(11):2479-2488.
  56. Wang XL, Wang J. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene sequence variations and vascular disease. Mol Genet Metab. 2000 Aug; 70(4):241-251.
  57. Yoshimura M, Yasue H, Nakayama M, Shimasaki Y, Ogawa H, Kugiyama K, et al. Genetic risk factors for coronary artery spasm: significance of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene T-786-->C and missense Glu298Asp variants. J Investig Med. 2000 Sep; 48(5):367-374.
  58. Morris BJ, Glenn CL, Wilcken DE, Wang XL. Influence of an inducible nitric oxide synthase promoter variant on clinical variables in patients with coronary artery disease. Clin Sci (Lond). 2001 May; 100(5):551-556.
  59. Carmona L, Gonzalez-Alvaro I, Balsa A, Angel Belmonte M, Tena X, Sanmarti R. Rheumatoid arthritis in Spain: occurrence of extra-articular manifestations and estimates of disease severity. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003 Sep; 62(9):897-900.
  60. Gonzalez-Alvaro I, Hernandez-Garcia C, Villaverde Garcia V, Vargas E, Ortiz AM. [Variations in the drug treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in Spain]. Med Clin (Barc). 2002 Jun 1; 118(20):771-776.
  61. Carbonell J, Cobo T, Balsa A, Descalzo MA, Carmona L. The incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in Spain: results from a nationwide primary care registry. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008 Jul; 47(7):1088-1092.
  62. Arnett FC, Edworthy SM, Bloch DA, McShane DJ, Fries JF, Cooper NS, et al. The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1988 Mar; 31(3):315-324.
  63. van der Linden S, Valkenburg HA, Cats A. Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis. A proposal for modification of the New York criteria. Arthritis Rheum. 1984 Apr; 27(4):361-368.
  64. Moll JM, Wright V. Psoriatic arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1973; 3(1):55-78.
  65. De Backer G, Ambrosioni E, Borch-Johnsen K, Brotons C, Cifkova R, Dallongeville J, et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Third Joint Task Force of European and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice. Eur Heart J. 2003 Sep; 24(17):1601-1610.
  66. The Criteria Committee of the New York Heart Association. Nomenclature and criteria for diagnosis of the heart and great vessels. 8 ed. Boston: Little Brown and Company.
  67. The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Arch Intern Med. 1997 Nov 24; 157(21):2413-2446.
  68. National Diabetes Data Group. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and other categories of glucose intolerance. . Diabetes. 1979 Dec; 28(12):1039-1057.
  69. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002 Dec 17; 106(25):3143-3421.
  70. Consenso SEEDO 2007 para la evaluación del sobrepeso y la obesidad y el establecimiento de criterios de intervención terapéutica. [4 de septiembre de 2008]; Disponible en:
    http://www.seedo.es/portals/seedo/consenso/Consenso_SEEDO_2007.pdf
  71. Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2006. [4 de septiembre de 2008]; Disponible en:
    http://www.msc.es/estadEstudios/estadisticas/encuestaNacional/encuesta2006.htm
Desarrollo
Patrocinio